Sign languages \u200b\u200bare languages \u200b\u200bfor all purposes. Each country has its linguistic code, with rules of grammar, morphology and syntax.
The name was invented in 1960 by William Stokoe (anthropologist for the first time came into contact with a community of deaf people in the U.S. and has slowly learned their language).
in sign language are:
- first joint elements: a sequence of linguistic morphemes carry meaning.
- elements of second articulation : phonemes, which combine together to form the words of a language.
are often deaf children of hearing parents. Until a few years ago children were not able to learn a language because their parents could not understand the problem immediately. The possibility for the deaf to learn their own language, makes sure that even the moral barriers fall. For deaf people the gestural communication is natural. In the first three years of life the child is predisposed to learn sign language and to broaden the use of sounds, but do not perceive. In particular, in the first year of life are witnessing the beginning of a series of attempts at communication. It is also a system of tuning with adults. After these two months the child realizes you can use your smile as a means of communication. Also started to use touch to express something. The sharing of attention is one of the key activities in the communicative maturity of the child. The attention is aroused by the objects and bright colorful and the mother interprets the wishes of the child.
Around the first birthday you create the first lexicon. Chomsky for 90% of language is innate and must only be activated. For Piaget there are innate, and other parts built thanks to the parents. If you develop a sign language, this replaces the verbal language.
During this period he also developed the referential intentional communicative acts, alongside the deictic intentional communicative gestures, used to mean something. While the latter are related to the interpretation of the mother, the former are more symbolic because it is detached from the context.
At 18 months children begin to make the first few sentences.
The deaf child produces also referential gestures in the same time. But the deaf children born into deaf families (90-95% of children in the world) need to find and have a form of communication and learning communication in the first two years of life are critical. Re-educate a child so small it is almost impossible and can not be a cochlear implant to improve his hearing ability, so you must use a sign language. A deaf child who learns sign language can also learn a verbal language. The educator's role becomes crucial. Children deprived of verbal communication and body language also tend to create one to 2 years.
How are the signs of a sign language?
signs of LS are iconic and arbitrary. Each sign is constructed from configurations. For each configuration corresponds to a gesture. These are signs of phonology as immediate hearing.
-name signs are the way by which we identify people by physical characteristics, skills, work or last.
affirmation and negation of verbal communication are two properties of languages \u200b\u200band historical and natural. With a photograph is not possible to affirm or deny, with sign language instead.
There are basic elements that make up the signs of a sign language. The configurations of the hand used in the LIS are more or less 20.
Emblems are gestures that you can also replace conventional language. The pantomime is a particular code in which each mime tell in his own way the same event. While in the pantomime gestures may change in the languages \u200b\u200bof these signs are fixed.
The gestures that accompany verbal communication are divided into:
- Batoni: Efron compares them with gestures of a conductor and are used to emphasize a meaning;
- deictic: indexical, context-specific, say and show together. This is one of the first signs used by children. There are also metaphorical deictic.
- iconic gestures in the form of which there is a similarity with respect to the real.
- metaphorical extend the iconic significance.
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